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Short Admiralty Type 81
The Short Admiralty Type 81 was a series of British two-seat floatplanes built prior to the First World War, and used by the Royal Naval Air Service in the early years of the war. They were powered by 160 hp (119 kW) Gnome rotary engines and had folding wings to aid storage on ship, hence the popular name Short Folder, shared with a number of other seaplanes made by Short Brothers.
==Design and development==
During 1913, Short Brothers received orders for two new types of floatplanes for the British Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), a two-bay biplane powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Gnome Double Lambda two-row rotary engine of which two were ordered, and a lighter and less powerful three-bay biplane powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome, (the Short Admiralty Type 74) of which seven were ordered.〔Barnes 1967, p. 91.〕
The first of these to appear was the 160 hp Gnome powered aircraft, the first of which had the Shorts construction number ''S.63'' and the Royal Navy serial number ''81'' and made its maiden flight in July 1913, piloted by Charles Rumney Samson.〔Barnes 1967, p. 92.〕〔 It had high aspect ratio wings of uneven span which were fitted with large ailerons on the upper wings and folded for storage on-board ship.〔 The second 160 hp Folder, serial number 82, followed in March 1914, and was followed by two more (''89'' and ''90'' with three-bay wings and an improved wing-folding mechanism as tested by the Short S.41.〔Barnes 1967, pp. 91, 95.〕 A further five Folders (''119''–''122'', ''186'') powered by 160 hp Gnomes were delivered in 1914, with longer fuselages and larger three-bay wings span compared with for the first aircraft). The two-row Gnomes proved to be unreliable, and were fitted with a large funnel-type exhaust stack above the cowling.〔Barnes 1967, pp. 94–95.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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